Steam Distilling is a technique used to extract essential oils from the plant by passing steam through the plant material. Compounds of the plant vaporize when subjected to the steam.
As steam passes through the plant material, tiny pockets that hold the essential oils open to release the essential oil molecules without damaging or burning these delicate components. The distillate will contain a mix of water vapor and essential oils which return to their liquid form in the condensing recipient and are separated in a Florentine separator. The end result is Hydrosol, also know as flower water, and Essential oil. The essential oil is lighter than the water, therefore it will float on top. (Source)
Check out the diagram below by Mountain Rose Herbs.
B&B Family farm also does a great job at explaining the distillation process.
Here is my Steam Distillation set up!
In the picture to your right, notice that the Essential Oil (EO) stays on top of the Hydrosol.
Compared to Essential Oils, hydrosol or floral water, is absorbed through the skin more efficiently. This is becuase EO are fat soluble, versus hydrosol is water soluble.
After Distilling for 6-8 hours, I make sure to store in a Sanitized, tinted, air tight jar. Light and oxygen damage floral water and its delicate properties.
I use these hydrosols and essential oils in my skincare products.
Go to my store to check out my offerings.
Contact me if you have any questions on my products or Steam Distillation!